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FAMILY DISPUTES & RELEVANT LAWS
In India, family disputes are strictly governed by Personal Laws, which vary according to the religion of the parties involved. civil matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and custody are handled through these distinct religious frameworks, mostly adjudicated inside the Family Courts. Few of those codified laws include Hindu Marriage Act (1955), Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act (1937), Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act (2019), Indian Divorce Act (1869) and the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act (1936). Whereas the Special Marriage Act (1954) provides a secular and a neutral legal framework for divorce and succession.
In India, The Family Courts Act, 1984 is a central statute enacted to establish specialized courts dedicated to promoting conciliation and securing rapid settlements in matrimonial and family disputes shifting the legal approach from traditional, adversarial litigation to a sympathetic, problem-solving framework.
Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs
In India, the family disputes emerged into Hindu families are governed by the Hindu Marriage Act (1955), Hindu Succession Act (1956), and Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (1956).
Muslims:
In Muslim households, the disputes are majorly governed by the uncodified ‘Shariat law’ alongwith the statutes like the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act (1937) and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act (2019).
Christian
Post independence of India the disputes among the Christian families are mainly regulated by the Indian Divorce Act (1869) and the Indian Succession Act (1925)
Parsis
Parsi community alongside other religious groups cohabitating in India have a their distinct personal law i.e. the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act (1936)
Inter-Faith Couple marriages
Couples who marry outside their religious laws and communities can also opt for the Special Marriage Act (1954), as it provides a neutral and a secular legal framework for divorce and succession among the partners of inter-faith.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RELATED LAWS
In the early of year 2026, India is heavily regulating deepfakes and AI-related crimes as of 2026, centering on strict intermediary accountability, mandatory content labeling, and fast takedown times. The IT Rules 2026 (effective Feb 2026) mandates takedown window of 3-hours, and AI-generated content must label at least 10% of its visual/audio surface. The government is working on ensuring a safe, trusted, and “Sutra”-based AI governance framework for the country.
The Information Technology Act, 2000 & its crucial administrative powers –
Empowers the government to block public access to online information in the interest of national security or public order. The Act also provides “safe harbour” protection to platforms (like several social media platforms) for user content, provided they follow due diligence. Under this Act, an establishment of CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) ensures this Agency to handle cybersecurity incidents
The Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024
The 2024 amendments are aimed towards modernizing India’s IP regime by Accelerating Grant Timelines, Easing Business Compliance, Encouraging Innovation, International Alignment. As it will help advancing Indian patent practices to global standards seen in the U.S. and Europe.
The Trademarks Act, 1999
The Trademarks Act, 1999 is primary legislation of India for the registration and protection of brand identities, including names, logos, and slogans. The Act allows registration for services (e.g., banking, hospitality) in addition to previously recognized categories under the Act. It ensures broader protection for famous marks even against dissimilar products of its kind. Also protects shapes, sounds, and color combinations which are valid for 10 years after successful registration and can be renewed 10 years later. Recently under The Jan Vishwas Act, 2023/2024 several minor trademark offences were decriminalized to promote the ease of doing business.
SWALIHA SHAIKH 